The lunar base is a crucial hub for future space exploration and resource development, and its successful operation relies on reliable and efficient communication and navigation systems. Therefore, lunar base communication and navigation technology occupies strategic high grounds where major nations are vying for supremacy. This paper summarizes the lunar environment and the status of lunar base construction and briefly introduces the surface environment and lava tube environment. It also discusses lunar base construction and its constituent elements, systematically reviews the development status of lunar communication and navigation technology in China and abroad, along with the critical issues and challenges, and presents future trends in lunar base communication and navigation technology. On this basis, countermeasures are proposed, including low-latency optical communication technology, autonomous navigation technology, and artificial intelligence algorithms. These recommendations aim to support the development of lunar base communication and navigation systems with independent intellectual property rights, promote self-reliance and self-improvement in this field, and contribute to the establishment of a spacefaring nation.